The tone and temper of
the manufacturing sections and of the agricultural West gave no
promise of a change of policy. The obvious conclusion was that the
planting interests must find some means of bringing pressure to bear
for their own relief.
The means which they found was nullification; and it fell to South
Carolina, whose people were most ardent in their resentment of
anything that looked like discrimination, to put the remedy to the
test. The Legislature of this State had made an early beginning by
denouncing the tariff of 1824 as unconstitutional. In 1827 Robert J.
Turnbull, one of the abler political leaders, published under the
title of _The Crisis_ a series of essays in which he boldly proclaimed
nullification as the remedy. In the following summer Calhoun put the
nullification doctrine into its first systematic form in a paper--the
so-called _Exposition_--which for some time was known to the public
only as the report of a committee of the Legislature.
By 1829 the State was sharply divided into two parties, the
nationalists and the nullifiers.
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