g. of the bronze sphere or of the bronze cube both the
bronze-i.e. the matter in which the form is-and the characteristic
angle are parts.-(4) The elements in the definition which explains a
thing are also parts of the whole; this is why the genus is called a
part of the species, though in another sense the species is part of
the genus.
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'A whole' means (1) that from which is absent none of the parts of
which it is said to be naturally a whole, and (2) that which so
contains the things it contains that they form a unity; and this in
two senses-either as being each severally one single thing, or as
making up the unity between them. For (a) that which is true of a
whole class and is said to hold good as a whole (which implies that it
is a kind whole) is true of a whole in the sense that it contains many
things by being predicated of each, and by all of them, e.g. man,
horse, god, being severally one single thing, because all are living
things. But (b) the continuous and limited is a whole, when it is a
unity consisting of several parts, especially if they are present only
potentially, but, failing this, even if they are present actually.
Of these things themselves, those which are so by nature are wholes in
a higher degree than those which are so by art, as we said in the case
of unity also, wholeness being in fact a sort of oneness.
Again (3) of quanta that have a beginning and a middle and an end,
those to which the position does not make a difference are called
totals, and those to which it does, wholes.
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