'The same in species' has the
various meanings opposite to these.
11
The words 'prior' and 'posterior' are applied (1) to some things
(on the assumption that there is a first, i.e. a beginning, in each
class) because they are nearer some beginning determined either
absolutely and by nature, or by reference to something or in some
place or by certain people; e.g. things are prior in place because
they are nearer either to some place determined by nature (e.g. the
middle or the last place), or to some chance object; and that which is
farther is posterior.-Other things are prior in time; some by being
farther from the present, i.e. in the case of past events (for the
Trojan war is prior to the Persian, because it is farther from the
present), others by being nearer the present, i.e. in the case of
future events (for the Nemean games are prior to the Pythian, if we
treat the present as beginning and first point, because they are
nearer the present).-Other things are prior in movement; for that
which is nearer the first mover is prior (e.g. the boy is prior to the
man); and the prime mover also is a beginning absolutely.-Others are
prior in power; for that which exceeds in power, i.e. the more
powerful, is prior; and such is that according to whose will the
other-i.e. the posterior-must follow, so that if the prior does not
set it in motion the other does not move, and if it sets it in
motion it does move; and here will is a beginning.-Others are prior in
arrangement; these are the things that are placed at intervals in
reference to some one definite thing according to some rule, e.
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