"
Emotional tactics.
* The "attack the speaker" diversion.
This fallacy is known as the Ad Hominem fallacy.
"The mayor proposes opening a day care center for city hall employees.
The mayor was once divorced. The mayor is not competent to make family
decisions."
The mayor's willingness to please his employees and his administrative
competence are diverted with a personal attack.
* The "commonly accepted practice" deception.
This deception often is designed to make an action seem biased or
prejudicial.
"It is common practice to replace computers in business every five
years. The military even has a policy to that effect ."
* The "appeal to pity" tactic.
"If welfare recipients are required to work, many recipients will not
be able to watch television as much."
* The "infallible truth or cliche" deception.
"This meal is not well seasoned.
Too many cooks spoil the soup."
The emotional tactics often include cynicism or sarcasm and are used
to belittle the other person. The emotional tactics are often used to
make another person feel worthless and unloved.
* * * * *
Argumentative Fallacies.
1. Critical Thinking and Reasoning: A Handbook for Teachers. Albany:
The University of the State of New York, 1976.
* * * * *
REFERENCES.
Research Skills.
Edwards, Betty. _Drawing on The Right Side of The Brain_. Los Angeles:
Tarcher, Inc., 1979.
Lucas, Jerry and Harry Lorayne. _The Memory Book_.
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