In problem solving, the practical ability
to prove something true without a great deal of effort is the key to
practical truth. A statement that might merely hold the possibility of
being proven true is, for all practical purposes, an opinion until it
is proven true.
* * * * *
Deductive Reasoning Errors
Deductive reasoning [9] is stating a series of valid relationships
with a conclusion about them:
When it rains the streets get wet. It is raining. Therefore the
streets are wet.
Several types of reasoning fallacies exist: (1) formal deductive
fallacies, which occur because of an error in the form of the
argument, and (2) informal fallacies that contain false content.
The informal false content fallacies are listed in Appendix 4 and
include:
Logic errors.
* The "straw man" deception.
* The "false dilemma" deception.
* The "domino theory" deception.
* The "two wrongs make a right fallacies" deception.
Emotional errors.
* The "attack the speaker" diversion.
* The "commonly accepted practice" deception.
* The "appeal to pity" tactic.
* The "infallible truth or cliche" deception.
The emotional tactics often include cynicism or sarcasm and are
sometimes used to belittle another person. The effect is to make them
feel worthless and unloved. This is an emotional fallacy that attacks
a person's need for love and belonging.10 This is discussed in greater
detail in the section on Internal conflicts.
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