Thus ended the war--a contest originating in no general uprising
or far-reaching plan, such as marked the rebellions instigated by
Pontiac and Tecumseh, but which none the less taxed the strength
of the border populations and opened a new chapter in the history
of the remoter northwestern territories. Black Hawk himself took
refuge with the Winnebagoes in the Dells of the Wisconsin, only
to be treacherously delivered over to General Street at Prairie
du Chien. Under the terms of a treaty of peace signed at Fort
Armstrong (Rock Island) in September, the fallen leader and some
of his accomplices were held as hostages, and during the ensuing
winter they were kept at Jefferson Barracks (St. Louis) under the
surveillance of Jefferson Davis. In the spring of 1833 they were
taken to Washington, where they had an interview with President
Jackson. "We did not expect to conquer the whites," Black Hawk
told the President; "they had too many houses, too many men. I
took up the hatchet, for my part, to revenge injuries which my
people could no longer endure.
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