[Illustration: FIG. 6. FIG. 7. TYPES OF ECONOMICAL BURNERS.]
It is the combustion of gas, without the production of useful luminous
effect inside the shield, which supplies the reflected as well as
radiated heat to the air. The temperature is still further increased
by the heat transmitted to the metal portion of the burner, and
absorbed by the wire gauze, between the close meshes of which the air
from outside is forced to circulate. Air is admitted inside the flame
by the chimney, D, placed above the focus, and in which it is raised
to a high temperature by friction on the upper part of the lamp glass,
at E, and afterward by its passage through the horizontal portion of
the bent tube. This tube is impinged upon on the outside by the
flames, and also by the products of combustion, so that it forms a
veritable heater of the currents which traverse it.
The introduction of hot air into the central portion of the sheet of
flame is advantageously supplemented by the spreading out of the flame
by means of the metal disk, without any possibility of its being
divided. In this way a more intense heat is obtained, and consequently
the illuminating power is considerably increased, by the uncombined
carbon being more readily set free, and being thus kept longer in the
flame, F. This burner, which may be constructed for a moderate gas
consumption, gives remarkable results as regards illuminating power
and steadiness; the abstraction of heat in no way impairing the
luminosity of the flame, which preserves all its brightness.
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