The contact between the incandescent sheet of flame and the guide may
be made as short as desired, and the motion of the gaseous mass be
directed by a simple button placed in the center of the burner; thus
giving the form shown by Fig. 5, which, however, differs from the
previous figure in the fact that the inverted flame is directed
outward instead of inward.
In this arrangement the button, T, is fixed in the middle of the
burner, which is made cylindrical and annular, or may consist of a
ring of small tubes, to which the gas is led by a single pipe; leaving
the whole "furnace" free for the circulation of air and the products
of combustion. This is the most recent development of the principle
patented by M. Somzee in 1882, viz., the formation of an illuminating
sheet of flame, spread out laterally, while heating the gas and air by
the products of combustion.
Figs. 6 and 7 show two forms of burner designed especially to give
economical results with a small consumption of gas. The former is an
ordinary Argand burner in which hot air is introduced into the upper
portion of the flame, so as to increase the activity of combustion.
The luminous sheet of flame is then spread out by a metal disk
attached to the end of the tube, D, which introduces the air into the
flame. The outer air becomes heated in its passage through the wire
gauze, T, which absorbs the heat liberated in the interior of the
apparatus, and also that which is radiated from the incandescent sheet
and reflected by a metal shield, P, surrounding the dark part of the
flame.
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