These strains are well within the
limits of safety, and a comparison of the scantlings of these with the
others justifies the assertion as to their general safety from a
structural point of view. The sections of these three ships are shown
in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, with their principal scantlings. It will be seen
from these sections that the three ships differ materially in their
mode of construction. In the case of Fig. 1, which represents the City
of Rome, the largest of the three, it will be seen that the main
framing of the vessel is entirely transverse, with very heavy keelsons
in the bottom, and large partial bulkheads or web frames, and the
outside plating arranged on what is termed the edge to edge principle,
with a great portion of it double. In the next section, Fig. 2, the
Servia, which is built of steel, on the other hand, the bottom is
built on the longitudinal cellular system, the first application, he
believed, of this system to an Atlantic liner. The plating of the
Servia is of the usual alternate outer and inner strake system, partly
double; while the third section, the Oregon, approaches more nearly to
the ordinary system of framing and plating usually adopted, but it
will be seen that she was well tied in the bottom by very heavy
intercostal and plate keelsons, as well as in the top by heavy
stringers and sheer strakes, with much of her plating doubled, and
heavy web frames inside.
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